Cancellous bones

Cancellous Bone

Cancellous bone, also known as trabecular or spongy bone, is a type of bone tissue found at the ends of long bones, within the interior of vertebrae, and in the pelvis, ribs, skull, and the bones of the joints. It is characterized by a porous, honeycomb-like structure that is lighter and less dense than cortical bone.

Structure

Cancellous bone is composed of a network of trabeculae, which are rod-like structures that form a meshwork. This structure provides strength and flexibility, allowing the bone to withstand compressive forces. The spaces within the trabecular network are filled with bone marrow, which is responsible for the production of blood cells.

Function

The primary function of cancellous bone is to support and protect the bone marrow. It also plays a crucial role in the metabolic activities of bone, such as the exchange of calcium ions. The porous nature of cancellous bone allows it to absorb shock and reduce the weight of the skeleton, making it easier for muscles to move the body.

Location

Cancellous bone is typically found in areas of the skeleton that are not subject to high mechanical stress. It is most abundant in the epiphyses of long bones, such as the femur and humerus, and in the vertebrae. The distribution of cancellous bone varies depending on the specific mechanical demands placed on different parts of the skeleton.

Clinical Significance

Cancellous bone is highly vascular and metabolically active, making it more susceptible to certain conditions such as osteoporosis. In osteoporosis, the density of cancellous bone decreases, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Understanding the structure and function of cancellous bone is important in the diagnosis and treatment of bone-related diseases.

Also see

• Cortical bone
• Bone marrow
• Osteoporosis
• Bone remodeling
• Skeletal system