Candicidin

Candicidin

Candicidin is an antifungal antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces griseus. It is a complex of related macrolide antibiotics that are composed of a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars, usually cladinose and desosamine, may be attached. Candicidin is primarily used in veterinary medicine.

History

Candicidin was first isolated in 1955 from a strain of Streptomyces griseus. It was discovered during a screening program for new antibiotics and was found to have potent antifungal activity.

Structure and Mechanism of Action

Candicidin is a member of the polyene class of antifungals, which also includes amphotericin B and nystatin. These drugs work by binding to ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membranes, and creating pores that disrupt normal cell function. This causes the cells to leak, leading to cell death.

Medical Use

Candicidin is primarily used in veterinary medicine to treat fungal infections in animals. It is not commonly used in humans due to its high toxicity and the availability of safer alternatives. However, it may be used in severe cases of fungal infections that are resistant to other treatments.

Side Effects and Toxicity

The use of Candicidin can lead to several side effects, including kidney damage, fever, and chills. It can also cause damage to the nervous system, leading to symptoms such as tingling, numbness, and weakness.

Resistance

Resistance to Candicidin can occur through several mechanisms. The most common is the alteration of the fungal cell membrane to reduce the binding of the drug. This can be achieved by decreasing the amount of ergosterol in the cell membrane or by modifying the ergosterol molecule so that it no longer binds to the drug.

See Also

• Polyene
• Antifungal medication
• Streptomyces