Candidate of Sciences

Candidate of Sciences (Kandidat Nauk) is a postgraduate academic degree and title given after the defense of a dissertation in countries that were part of, or influenced by, the former Soviet Union. The degree is awarded by a specialized council in various fields of science, engineering, and humanities. The Candidate of Sciences degree is the first of two doctoral level degrees, the second being Doctor of Sciences, and is roughly equivalent to the Ph.D. found in many countries.

Overview

The Candidate of Sciences degree requires the completion of a significant research project, culminating in the defense of a dissertation before an expert panel. It is a prerequisite for pursuing a career in academia or research within countries that recognize the degree. The process to earn the degree includes several years of study beyond the Master's degree level, including the completion of coursework, passing of comprehensive exams, and the public defense of a dissertation that contributes new knowledge to the field.

History

The Candidate of Sciences degree was introduced in the Soviet Union in the 1930s as part of a reform to standardize higher education and research qualifications across the country. It was designed to cultivate a class of highly qualified scientists and scholars to advance the Soviet research agenda. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the degree continued to be recognized and awarded in the successor states, including Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, among others.

Comparison with Ph.D.

While the Candidate of Sciences is often compared to the Ph.D. found in the United States and many European countries, there are notable differences in the level of study, the process of dissertation defense, and the overall structure of the program. The Candidate of Sciences degree typically requires a longer period of study and a more rigorous examination process. Additionally, the degree is more specialized, focusing on a narrower area of research.

Current Status

Today, the Candidate of Sciences remains a prestigious degree in the countries where it is awarded. It is a testament to the holder's expertise and ability to contribute significantly to their field of study. The degree is also recognized in some countries outside the former Soviet Union, though equivalency agreements may vary, and holders may need to undergo additional evaluation processes.

Fields of Study

The Candidate of Sciences degree can be pursued in a wide range of fields, including but not limited to:

• Natural Sciences
• Engineering
• Humanities
• Social Sciences
• Economics
• Law
• Medicine

See Also

• Doctor of Sciences
• Ph.D.
• Postgraduate education
• Academic degree