Candle wick

Candle Wick

A candle wick is a crucial component of a candle, responsible for carrying the fuel (wax) to the flame. The wick influences how the candle burns, including the size of the flame, the rate of burning, and the amount of wax consumed. Understanding the properties and types of candle wicks is essential for both candle makers and users.

Structure and Function

The primary function of a candle wick is to deliver fuel to the flame. This is achieved through a process known as capillary action, where the liquid wax is drawn up the wick to sustain the flame. The wick's material, thickness, and treatment affect how efficiently it performs this task.

Materials

Candle wicks are typically made from braided cotton, but other materials such as paper, wood, or metal can also be used. The choice of material affects the wick's burning characteristics:

• Cotton wicks are the most common and are known for their flexibility and ability to burn cleanly.
• Wooden wicks create a crackling sound reminiscent of a fireplace and are often used in specialty candles.
• Metal-core wicks (such as those with zinc or tin) provide rigidity and are used in certain types of candles to maintain an upright position.

Types of Wicks

Wicks can be categorized based on their construction:

• Flat wicks are braided and designed to curl in the flame, which helps maintain a consistent burn and minimizes carbon buildup.
• Square wicks are also braided but are more robust, making them suitable for larger candles.
• Cored wicks have a central core of paper or metal, providing additional support.

Wick Sizing

The size of the wick is crucial for optimal candle performance. A wick that is too small will result in a weak flame and incomplete wax consumption, while a wick that is too large can cause excessive soot and a dangerously large flame. Candle makers must carefully select the wick size based on the candle's diameter and the type of wax used.

Wick Treatment

Wicks are often treated with chemicals to improve their burning characteristics. These treatments can include:

• Priming with wax to make the wick easier to light and to help it draw wax more effectively.
• Chemical treatments to reduce smoke and soot production.

History

The use of wicks dates back to ancient times, with early examples found in Ancient Egypt and Rome. These early wicks were made from reeds or rushes dipped in animal fat or beeswax. Over time, the development of braided cotton wicks and the introduction of paraffin wax in the 19th century revolutionized candle making.

Also see

• Candle
• Wax
• Flame
• Capillary action
• Combustion