Canine degenerative myelopathy

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Degenerative myelopathy stance

Canine degenerative myelopathy (CDM) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease that affects the spinal cord of older dogs. It is similar to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in humans. The disease leads to a loss of coordination and eventual paralysis.

Pathophysiology

CDM is caused by a mutation in the SOD1 gene, which is responsible for producing an enzyme that protects cells from damage. The mutation leads to the accumulation of toxic substances in the spinal cord, resulting in the degeneration of nerve fibers. This degeneration primarily affects the white matter of the spinal cord, leading to a loss of communication between the brain and the limbs.

Symptoms

The initial symptoms of CDM include:

• Weakness in the hind limbs
• Difficulty standing up
• Dragging of the rear paws
• Loss of coordination

As the disease progresses, these symptoms worsen, leading to:

• Complete paralysis of the hind limbs
• Muscle atrophy
• Incontinence

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CDM is primarily based on clinical signs and the exclusion of other diseases. Veterinary professionals may use the following methods:

• Neurological examination
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Cerebrospinal fluid analysis
• Genetic testing for the SOD1 mutation

Treatment

There is currently no cure for CDM. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving the quality of life for affected dogs. Common management strategies include:

• Physical therapy
• Assistive devices such as harnesses and carts
• Medications to manage pain and inflammation

Prognosis

The prognosis for dogs with CDM is generally poor. The disease is progressive and leads to complete paralysis within six months to three years from the onset of symptoms. Euthanasia is often considered when the dog's quality of life deteriorates significantly.

Breeds Affected

CDM is most commonly seen in large breed dogs, including:

• German Shepherd
• Boxer
• Pembroke Welsh Corgi
• Chesapeake Bay Retriever

Research

Ongoing research aims to better understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms of CDM, with the hope of developing more effective treatments and preventive measures.

See also

• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
• Spinal cord disease
• Veterinary neurology