Capra (genus)

Козе изнад Ст.Леонарда, Јужни Тирол, Италија

Capra nubiana, Tierpark Hellabrunn – 03

Caprine heart

Steinbock-P1150170

Markhor Schraubenziege Capra falconeri Zoo Augsburg-02

Gorges du Verdon Goat-Rove-black 0253

Capra is a genus of mammals, the members of which are commonly referred to as goats. Within the family Bovidae, it is part of the subfamily Caprinae, also known as the goat-antelope subfamily. Capra species are distinguished by their heavy bodies, cloven hooves, and large horns which are present in both males and females of most species. The genus is native to Europe, Asia, and Africa, with their habitats ranging from mountain ranges and wooded areas to arid deserts.

Species

The genus Capra includes several species, the most well-known of which is the domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), which is derived from the wild goat (Capra aegagrus). Other notable species within the genus include the Ibex (with several subspecies such as the Alpine ibex, Nubian ibex, and Spanish ibex), the Markhor (Capra falconeri), and the Siberian ibex (Capra sibirica).

Domestic Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus)

The domestic goat is one of the oldest domesticated species, with archaeological evidence dating back over 10,000 years. They are kept all over the world for their meat, milk, and hides, as well as for their use in land management and as pets.

Wild Goat (Capra aegagrus)

The wild goat, or Bezoar goat, is the ancestor of the domestic goat. It is native to Western Asia and Eastern Europe and is characterized by its robust build and long, curved horns.

Ibex

Ibexes are mountain goats known for their long, curved horns and their ability to navigate steep, rocky terrains. Different species and subspecies of ibex are found across mountain ranges in Europe, Asia, and North Africa.

Markhor (Capra falconeri)

The Markhor is distinguished by its large size and impressive, twisted horns. It is native to Central Asia and is considered endangered, primarily due to overhunting and habitat loss.

Siberian Ibex (Capra sibirica)

The Siberian ibex is found in mountain ranges across Central Asia. It has the largest geographical range of any species in the genus Capra and is known for its long, curved horns.

Behavior and Ecology

Capra species are highly adaptable and can live in a wide range of environments, though they prefer mountainous or rugged terrains. They are social animals, often forming herds, although the size and structure of these groups can vary widely among species and even within species, depending on environmental conditions. Goats are herbivores, feeding on a variety of vegetation, including grasses, herbs, leaves, and twigs. Their ability to digest a wide range of food allows them to thrive in environments that are inhospitable to other herbivores.

Conservation

Several species within the genus Capra are considered at risk due to habitat destruction, overhunting, and competition with livestock for resources. Conservation efforts are in place for many of these species, including protected areas and breeding programs.

Cultural Significance

Goats have a long history of association with humans, being one of the first domesticated animals. They have been used in agriculture for their milk, meat, and hides for thousands of years. In addition, goats have significant cultural and symbolic importance in many societies around the world.