Markhor

Markhor Schraubenziege Capra falconeri Zoo Augsburg-02

Capra falconeri at the Columbus Zoo-2011 07 11 IMG 0786

Capra falconeri Yumemigasaki Zoo P6269554

Capra falconeri hepteneri

Markhor Horns (5779055412)

Markhor (Capra falconeri) is a large wild goat species found in northeastern Afghanistan, northern and central Pakistan, parts of Jammu and Kashmir, northeastern Uzbekistan, and southern Tajikistan. It is characterized by its distinctive horns, which can grow up to 1.5 meters (4.9 feet) in length and have a twisted, corkscrew shape. The name "markhor" is derived from the Persian words mar meaning snake and khor meaning eater, which may refer to the animal's ability to kill snakes, or perhaps its twisted horns resembling snakes. The markhor is the national animal of Pakistan.

Description

The markhor stands 65 to 115 centimeters (26 to 45 inches) at the shoulder and weighs from 32 to 110 kilograms (71 to 243 pounds). Males are larger than females and have longer hair on the chin, throat, chest, and shanks. Their coat color varies with the seasons, from reddish-grey in summer to greyish-brown in winter. They have a preorbital gland near the eye, which is used for marking territory.

Habitat and Distribution

Markhors are found in wooded mountains and scrublands, where they prefer steep, rocky terrain. They are adept climbers and can be found at elevations from 600 to 3,600 meters (2,000 to 11,800 feet). Their range has become fragmented due to habitat loss, military activities, and overhunting, leading to isolated populations.

Behavior

Markhors are diurnal, with peaks of activity in the early morning and late afternoon. They are social animals, forming groups of 5-15 individuals, though older males may live solitarily. Their diet consists mainly of grasses, leaves, and herbs. During the winter, they may descend to lower elevations to find food.

Reproduction

The breeding season, or rut, occurs in the late autumn. During this time, males compete for females through displays of strength, including horn locking. Females give birth to one or two young after a gestation period of 135-170 days, usually in May or June.

Conservation

The markhor is classified as Near Threatened by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) due to its limited distribution and declining population, which is estimated to be less than 2,500 mature individuals. The primary threats to the species include poaching for its meat and horns, habitat destruction, and competition with livestock for food. Conservation efforts include protected areas, hunting regulations, and community-based conservation programs that provide incentives for local people to protect wildlife.

Cultural Significance

In addition to being the national animal of Pakistan, the markhor has significant cultural value in the region. Its horns are prized as trophies, and it is featured in local folklore and traditions.