Pakistan
Pakistan is an Islamic republic that occupies the heartland of ancient south Asian civilization in the Indus River valley; formerly part of India; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947.
According to the CIA world factbook: The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan.
History[edit | edit source]
During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this culture fused with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The area underwent successive invasions in subsequent centuries from the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who brought Islam), Afghans, and Turks.
The Mughal Empire[edit | edit source]
The Mughal Empire flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century.
Independence[edit | edit source]
- In 1947, British India was divided into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu India.
- However, the disputes related to the separation was never satisfactorily resolved with many wars and proxy wars between the two.
Conflict with India[edit | edit source]
- India and Pakistan fought two wars and a limited conflict - in 1947-48, 1965, and 1999 respectively - over the disputed Kashmir territory.
- A third war between these countries in 1971 - in which India assisted an indigenous movement reacting to the marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan becoming the separate nation of Bangladesh.
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- In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan conducted its own tests in mid-1998.
- India-Pakistan relations improved in the mid-2000s but have been rocky since the November 2008 Mumbai attacks and have been further strained by attacks in India by militants believed to be based in Pakistan.
Government[edit | edit source]
Imran KHAN took office as prime minister in 2018 after the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) party won a plurality of seats in the July 2018 general elections.
Armed conflicts[edit | edit source]
Pakistan has been engaged in a decades-long armed conflict with militant groups that target government institutions and civilians, including the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and other militant networks.
Quick facts
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Native medical systems[edit | edit source]
Lists[edit | edit source]
CIA world factbook[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD
