Health in Pakistan

Life expectancy by WBG -Pakistan

Health in Pakistan

Health in Pakistan refers to the overall health status, healthcare infrastructure, and health policies in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. The country faces numerous health challenges, including infectious diseases, malnutrition, and a growing burden of non-communicable diseases.

Healthcare System

The healthcare system in Pakistan is a mix of public and private sectors. The Ministry of National Health Services, Regulation and Coordination is responsible for national health policy and planning. Healthcare services are provided at various levels, including primary, secondary, and tertiary care.

Public Sector

The public healthcare sector in Pakistan includes a network of Basic Health Units (BHUs), Rural Health Centres (RHCs), Tehsil Headquarters Hospitals (THQs), and District Headquarters Hospitals (DHQs). These facilities aim to provide essential health services to the population, particularly in rural areas.

Private Sector

The private healthcare sector in Pakistan is extensive and includes private hospitals, clinics, and diagnostic centers. Many Pakistanis rely on private healthcare due to perceived better quality of services and shorter waiting times.

Health Indicators

Pakistan faces significant health challenges, reflected in various health indicators:

• Infant mortality rate: Pakistan has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world.
• Maternal mortality rate: The maternal mortality rate remains high, with many women lacking access to skilled birth attendants.
• Life expectancy: The average life expectancy in Pakistan is lower compared to many other countries in the region.

Infectious Diseases

Infectious diseases are a major public health concern in Pakistan. Common infectious diseases include:

• Tuberculosis: Pakistan is among the countries with the highest burden of tuberculosis.
• Hepatitis: Hepatitis B and C are prevalent, with millions of people affected.
• Malaria: Malaria remains endemic in certain regions of Pakistan.
• Polio: Pakistan is one of the few countries where polio is still endemic, despite ongoing eradication efforts.

Non-Communicable Diseases

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise in Pakistan, contributing to a significant portion of the disease burden. Common NCDs include:

• Cardiovascular disease: Heart disease is a leading cause of death in Pakistan.
• Diabetes: The prevalence of diabetes is increasing, with lifestyle factors playing a significant role.
• Cancer: Various forms of cancer are becoming more common, with limited access to early detection and treatment services.

Nutrition

Malnutrition is a critical issue in Pakistan, affecting both children and adults. Key nutritional challenges include:

• Stunting: A significant proportion of children under five years of age are stunted due to chronic malnutrition.
• Wasting: Acute malnutrition is also prevalent, leading to wasting in children.
• Micronutrient deficiency: Deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, such as iron and vitamin A, are common.

Health Policies and Programs

The government of Pakistan has implemented various health policies and programs to address health challenges. Key initiatives include:

• Expanded Programme on Immunization: Aims to increase immunization coverage among children.
• Lady Health Worker Programme: Deploys community health workers to provide basic health services in rural areas.
• National Health Insurance Program: Provides health insurance coverage to low-income families.

Challenges

Despite efforts to improve health outcomes, Pakistan faces several challenges:

• Healthcare infrastructure: Inadequate infrastructure and resources in public health facilities.
• Healthcare workforce: Shortage of trained healthcare professionals, particularly in rural areas.
• Health financing: Limited public spending on health and high out-of-pocket expenses for patients.

See Also

• Healthcare in Pakistan
• Public health in Pakistan
• Demographics of Pakistan
• Economy of Pakistan
• Education in Pakistan