Carbon cycle

Carbon Cycle

The carbon cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which carbon is exchanged among the biosphere, pedosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth. It is one of the key life processes that sustain life on Earth.

Overview

Carbon is the main component of biological compounds as well as a major component of many minerals. Carbon also exists in various forms in the atmosphere. Carbon in the Earth's atmosphere exists in two main forms: carbon dioxide and methane. Both of these gases capture heat from the sun and keep it from escaping back into space, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

Process

The carbon cycle involves several key steps. First, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is absorbed by plants and algae through the process of photosynthesis. These organisms convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds, such as sugars, which can be used for energy. When these organisms die, their bodies decompose, releasing the carbon back into the atmosphere or into the soil. Some of the carbon in the soil can be stored for long periods of time in the form of fossil fuels.

Human Impact

Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have significantly altered the carbon cycle. These activities release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change.

See Also

• Greenhouse effect
• Global warming
• Climate change
• Photosynthesis
• Fossil fuels