Cardiac plexus

Cardiac Plexus

The cardiac plexus is a complex network of nerve fibers located in the chest, near the heart. It plays a crucial role in the autonomic regulation of heart function, including heart rate and rhythm.

Anatomy

The cardiac plexus is situated in the mediastinum, the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It is formed by the cardiac branches of the vagus nerve and the sympathetic trunk, and is divided into the superficial and deep cardiac plexus.

The superficial cardiac plexus is located beneath the aortic arch, while the deep cardiac plexus is found between the aortic arch and the trachea.

Function

The cardiac plexus is part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary bodily functions. It carries both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, which regulate the heart's function.

The sympathetic nervous system increases heart rate and contractility, while the parasympathetic nervous system slows heart rate and reduces contractility. The balance between these two systems determines the heart's overall function.

Clinical Significance

Damage to the cardiac plexus can lead to serious heart conditions, such as arrhythmia and heart failure. It can also cause neurocardiogenic syncope, a condition where the heart rate slows and blood pressure drops, leading to fainting.

Cardiac surgery and other procedures that involve the heart or surrounding structures can potentially injure the cardiac plexus. Therefore, understanding the anatomy and function of the cardiac plexus is crucial for medical professionals.

See Also

• Nervous system
• Heart
• Autonomic nervous system
• Vagus nerve
• Sympathetic nervous system
• Parasympathetic nervous system