Carnival of Venice

Venice Carnival - Masked Lovers (2010)

Carnival of Venice (Carnevale di Venezia) is an annual festival held in Venice, Italy. The Carnival ends with the Christian celebration of Lent, forty days before Easter, on Shrove Tuesday (Martedì Grasso or Mardi Gras), the day before Ash Wednesday. The festival is world-famous for its elaborate masks.

History

The origins of the Carnival of Venice are rooted in the history of the Venetian Republic. It is believed to have started from a victory of the Venice Republic against the Patriarch of Aquileia, Ulrico di Treven in the year 1162. In the honour of this victory, the people started to dance and gather in San Marco Square. Apparently, this festival started in that period and became official in the Renaissance. In the 17th century, the carnival became a way to preserve the prestigious image of Venice in the world. It encouraged the economy of the city, reviving its commerce, arts, and craftsmanship. The Carnival was outlawed by the Holy Roman Empire in the 18th century, and only in the late 20th century was the tradition restored.

Masks

A central feature of the Carnival of Venice is its unique and elaborate masks. Traditionally, people were allowed to wear them between the festival of Santo Stefano (St. Stephen's Day, December 26) and the end of the carnival season at midnight of Shrove Tuesday. Masks have always been an important feature of the Venetian carnival. They vary in design and appearance, ranging from the beautiful to the grotesque. Some of the most famous types include the Bauta, a mask that covers the entire face with a stubborn chin line, no mouth, and lots of gilding; the Moretta or Servetta muta, which was worn by women and held in place by biting on a button or bit; and the Medico della peste (The Plague Doctor), with its long beak.

Events

The Carnival of Venice features numerous events, including masquerade balls, grand dinners, and parades. The most famous event is the contest for the most beautiful mask, judged by a panel of international costume and fashion designers. The festival also includes performances of the Commedia dell'arte, a form of theatre characterized by masked characters, which plays an integral role in the carnival atmosphere.

Cultural Impact

The Carnival of Venice has had a significant impact on literature, film, and music. It has inspired works by several composers, including Antonio Vivaldi and Gioachino Rossini. The carnival's masks and history have been featured in numerous films and books, contributing to the mystique and allure of Venice as a city steeped in history and tradition.

Modern Day Celebration

Today, the Carnival of Venice attracts tourists from around the world. Participants can be seen wearing elaborate costumes and masks, reviving the city's history, culture, and craftsmanship. The event has become a symbol of Venice's cultural heritage and a testament to the city's ability to preserve its traditions while captivating a global audience.