Carotenosis

Carotenosis

Carotenosis, also known as carotenemia, is a benign and reversible condition characterized by an orange discoloration of the outermost skin layer due to an excess of dietary carotenoids. This condition is most easily observed in light-skinned individuals but can occur in all skin types. Unlike jaundice, which also causes a yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes, carotenosis does not affect the sclera of the eyes and is not associated with liver dysfunction.

Example of carotenosis showing orange discoloration of the skin.

Causes

Carotenosis is primarily caused by the consumption of large amounts of carotenoid-rich foods such as carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, squash, and leafy greens. Carotenoids, including alpha- and beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin, are lipid-soluble compounds. These are absorbed by passive diffusion from the gastrointestinal tract and can be partially metabolized in the intestinal mucosa and liver to vitamin A, which is then transported in the plasma to peripheral tissues.

Symptoms

The hallmark symptom of carotenosis is the orange discoloration of the skin, particularly noticeable on the palms, soles, knees, and nasolabial folds. The condition is purely cosmetic and does not result in any harm to the body.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of carotenosis typically involves a medical history review, focusing on dietary habits. Blood tests may be conducted to measure serum carotenoid levels and to rule out jaundice by assessing liver function and bilirubin levels.

Management

The primary treatment for carotenosis is the reduction or elimination of carotenoid-rich foods from the diet. The skin discoloration usually fades and returns to normal within a few weeks to months after making dietary changes.

Prevention

Preventing carotenosis involves maintaining a balanced diet without excessive consumption of carotenoid-rich foods. While carotenoids are essential for health, providing benefits such as antioxidant properties and conversion to vitamin A, moderation is key to avoiding carotenosis.

External Links

• DermNet NZ - Carotenoderma
• Office of Dietary Supplements - Vitamin A

References

Carotenosis Resources
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