Carotid agenesis

Carotid agenesis is a rare congenital condition characterized by the absence of the carotid artery, one of the main blood vessels supplying blood to the brain, neck, and face. This condition can occur on one side (unilateral) or both sides (bilateral) and can lead to various clinical manifestations.

Anatomy

The carotid artery is divided into two main branches: the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery. The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the brain, while the external carotid artery supplies blood to the face and neck. In carotid agenesis, one or both of these arteries are absent.

Etiology

The exact cause of carotid agenesis is unknown. However, it is believed to occur during fetal development due to a disruption in the formation of the carotid artery. Some researchers suggest that genetic factors may play a role.

Clinical Manifestations

Patients with carotid agenesis may present with various symptoms depending on the extent of the condition. These may include stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA), seizures, headache, and dizziness. Some patients may remain asymptomatic.

Diagnosis

Carotid agenesis is typically diagnosed using imaging techniques such as Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA), Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA), or Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). These imaging studies can visualize the blood vessels in the neck and brain, helping to identify the absence of the carotid artery.

Treatment

The treatment of carotid agenesis is primarily aimed at managing the symptoms and preventing complications. This may involve the use of medications to prevent blood clots or control seizures. In some cases, surgical intervention may be required.

Prognosis

The prognosis of carotid agenesis varies depending on the severity of the condition and the presence of other health issues. With appropriate management, many patients can lead a normal life.

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External links

• National Library of Medicine - Carotid agenesis
• Orphanet - Carotid agenesis