Carotid arteries

Carotid Arteries

The carotid arteries are a pair of blood vessels located on each side of the neck that carry blood from the heart to the brain. They are a crucial part of the circulatory system, providing oxygenated blood to the brain and other parts of the head.

Anatomy

The carotid arteries originate from different arteries in the chest. The right carotid artery arises from the brachiocephalic artery, while the left carotid artery originates directly from the aorta. Each carotid artery then splits into two main branches: the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery. The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the brain, while the external carotid artery supplies blood to the face and neck.

Function

The primary function of the carotid arteries is to supply oxygenated blood to the brain. This is critical for the brain's function, as it requires a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to operate effectively. The carotid arteries also play a role in the baroreflex, a reflex mechanism that helps maintain blood pressure.

Clinical significance

Diseases of the carotid arteries, such as carotid artery disease, can lead to serious health problems. Carotid artery disease is often caused by atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty deposits build up in the arteries. This can lead to stroke, a medical emergency that occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced.

See also

• Circulatory system
• Stroke
• Atherosclerosis
• Carotid artery disease