Carotid artery disease

Carotid Artery Disease

Diagram of the arterial system, highlighting the carotid arteries. (Image from Gray's Anatomy)

Carotid artery disease is a medical condition where the carotid arteries, the main blood vessels that supply the brain with oxygen-rich blood, become narrowed or blocked. This is usually caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of plaque in the arteries.

Causes

The primary cause of carotid artery disease is atherosclerosis. Other factors that can contribute to the development of this disease include smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and a family history of heart disease or stroke.

Symptoms

Many people with carotid artery disease do not experience symptoms until the condition has progressed significantly. When symptoms do occur, they may include dizziness, headache, confusion, loss of balance, and difficulty speaking.

Diagnosis

Carotid artery disease can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including a carotid ultrasound, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and computed tomography angiography (CTA).

Treatment

Treatment for carotid artery disease may involve lifestyle changes, medication, or surgery. The goal of treatment is to prevent stroke, as the disease can significantly increase the risk of this condition.

See also

• Atherosclerosis
• Stroke
• Heart disease