Catarrhini

Catarrhini

A group of Catarrhini primates

Catarrhini is a subfamily of primates that includes Old World monkeys, apes, and humans. The term "Catarrhini" comes from the Greek words kata meaning "downward" and rhin meaning "nose," referring to the downward-facing nostrils that distinguish this group from the New World monkeys. This subfamily is characterized by a number of anatomical and behavioral features that set them apart from other primates.

Taxonomy

Catarrhini is one of the two subfamilies of the family Cercopithecidae, the other being the New World monkeys (Platyrrhini). Within Catarrhini, there are two major groups: the Cercopithecoidea, which includes Old World monkeys, and the Hominoidea, which includes apes and humans. The Hominoidea family further divides into two groups: the lesser apes (gibbons) and the great apes (orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans).

Anatomy

One of the key anatomical features of Catarrhini primates is their downward-facing nostrils. This adaptation allows for a more efficient sense of smell, as the air is directed towards the olfactory receptors located at the base of the nasal cavity. In contrast, New World monkeys have sideways-facing nostrils.

Catarrhini primates also have a dental formula of 2.1.2.3/2.1.2.3, meaning they have two incisors, one canine, two premolars, and three molars on each side of their upper and lower jaws. This dental formula is shared by all members of the subfamily.

Behavior

Catarrhini primates exhibit a wide range of behaviors, varying from species to species. Old World monkeys, for example, are known for their complex social structures and hierarchical systems. They live in troops and engage in various forms of communication, including vocalizations, facial expressions, and body postures.

Apes, on the other hand, have more advanced cognitive abilities and exhibit complex social behaviors. They are capable of using tools, solving problems, and displaying emotions. Humans, as part of the Hominoidea group, have developed highly sophisticated cultures, language, and technology.

Conservation

Many species within the Catarrhini subfamily are currently facing threats to their survival due to habitat loss, poaching, and other human activities. Efforts are being made to protect and conserve these primates through the establishment of protected areas, conservation programs, and public awareness campaigns.

See Also

• Primates
• Cercopithecidae
• Hominoidea
• Old World monkeys
• Apes
• Human evolution