Cebine betaherpesvirus 1

Cebine betaherpesvirus 1 (CeHV-1) is a species of virus in the genus Cytomegalovirus, which is part of the subfamily Betaherpesvirinae within the family Herpesviridae. This virus is known to infect New World monkeys, specifically those in the family Cebidae, which includes capuchin monkeys.

Virology

Cebine betaherpesvirus 1 is a double-stranded DNA virus. Like other members of the Cytomegalovirus genus, CeHV-1 is characterized by its ability to establish lifelong latent infections in its host. The virus can reactivate under certain conditions, such as immunosuppression or stress, leading to viral shedding and potential transmission.

The genome of CeHV-1 is large and complex, encoding numerous proteins that help the virus evade the host immune system and establish latency. The virus replicates in the nucleus of infected cells, utilizing the host's cellular machinery to produce viral progeny.

Pathogenesis

In its natural host, CeHV-1 typically causes asymptomatic or mild infections. However, in immunocompromised individuals or in non-natural hosts, the virus can cause more severe disease. Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, and in severe cases, organ dysfunction due to viral replication in tissues such as the liver or lungs.

Transmission

CeHV-1 is primarily transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected individuals, such as saliva, urine, or blood. Vertical transmission from mother to offspring can also occur. In captive settings, such as zoos or research facilities, close contact between animals can facilitate the spread of the virus.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of CeHV-1 infection can be achieved through serological tests that detect antibodies against the virus, or through molecular techniques such as PCR that identify viral DNA in clinical samples. Histopathological examination of tissues can also reveal characteristic cytomegalic cells with intranuclear inclusions.

Treatment and Prevention

There is no specific antiviral treatment for CeHV-1 infection. Management typically involves supportive care and, in severe cases, the use of antiviral drugs such as ganciclovir or valganciclovir, which are used to treat human cytomegalovirus infections. Preventive measures include minimizing stress in captive animals, maintaining good hygiene practices, and isolating infected individuals to prevent transmission.

Also see

• Cytomegalovirus
• Herpesviridae
• Betaherpesvirinae
• Viral latency