Cediranib

Cediranib is an oral small molecule inhibitor of VEGF receptors 1, 2, and 3, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer by promoting angiogenesis - the formation of new blood vessels. By inhibiting these receptors, cediranib reduces the blood supply to tumors, thereby inhibiting their growth and spread. It is primarily investigated for its potential in treating various types of cancer, including ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, and glioblastoma.

Mechanism of Action

Cediranib acts by targeting and inhibiting the activity of VEGF receptors 1, 2, and 3. These receptors, upon binding with their ligand VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), initiate a signaling cascade that promotes endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival. These processes are crucial for angiogenesis. By inhibiting these receptors, cediranib impedes the angiogenic process, thereby starving tumors of the necessary blood supply needed for their growth and survival.

Clinical Trials

Cediranib has been evaluated in several clinical trials for its efficacy and safety in treating various cancers. In ovarian cancer, it has been studied as a single agent and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. Studies have shown that cediranib, when combined with standard chemotherapy, may improve progression-free survival in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer.

In glioblastoma, cediranib has been explored due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, making it a potential treatment option for brain tumors. Clinical trials have investigated its use both as a monotherapy and in combination with other treatments, such as radiotherapy and temozolomide.

For colorectal cancer, research has focused on cediranib's role in combination therapy, assessing its effectiveness in conjunction with other targeted therapies and chemotherapeutic agents.

Adverse Effects

The inhibition of VEGF signaling by cediranib can lead to several adverse effects, reflecting its mechanism of action on vascular function. Common side effects include hypertension, fatigue, diarrhea, and hand-foot syndrome. More severe but less common side effects may include gastrointestinal perforation, hemorrhage, and reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS).

Current Status

As of the last update, cediranib is not yet approved by major regulatory bodies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for any indication. However, it remains under investigation in clinical trials for its potential use in various cancer types. Its development and clinical trial results are closely watched by the medical and scientific community for its promising role in cancer therapy.

See Also

• Angiogenesis inhibitors
• Cancer therapy
• VEGF
• Clinical trial