Celsus

Kata Kelsou

Aulus Cornelius Celsus was a Roman encyclopedist, known primarily for his extant medical work, De Medicina. Believed to have lived between the 1st century BC and the 1st century AD, Celsus compiled a vast array of knowledge from the Greek and Roman worlds in his encyclopedias, which covered not only medicine but also philosophy, law, military science, and agriculture. However, it is De Medicina that has survived the test of time and provides a comprehensive look at the medical practices of his era.

Life and Works

Little is known about the life of Celsus. His dates of birth and death are not precisely recorded, but his works suggest he was active during the reign of the first Roman Emperor, Augustus. Celsus was not a professional physician himself; rather, he was a learned man who sought to compile the medical knowledge of his time. De Medicina is part of a larger encyclopedia that covered a wide range of topics, indicating Celsus's broad interests and extensive knowledge.

De Medicina

De Medicina is one of the earliest medical books to be printed after the invention of the printing press and is divided into eight books. These books cover:

• Book I: Dietetics and general pathology
• Book II: Pharmacology
• Book III: Internal ailments
• Book IV: External diseases
• Book V: Diseases of uncertain location
• Book VI: Surgical procedures
• Book VII: Orthopedics
• Book VIII: Mental disorders

Celsus's work is notable for its systematic approach and for being one of the first to describe the signs of inflammation, which he summarized as: rubor (redness), tumor (swelling), calor (heat), and dolor (pain). His writings provide insights into the medical practices and theories of ancient Rome, including surgical techniques, the use of drugs, and the importance of diet and lifestyle for health.

Legacy

Celsus's De Medicina was rediscovered in the Renaissance and had a significant impact on the development of medicine. His work is considered a valuable source of information on Roman medical practices and has been praised for its clarity, systematic approach, and comprehensive coverage of the subject matter. Celsus's emphasis on empirical observation and his skeptical view of theories not based on direct observation influenced the development of the scientific method in medicine.

Conclusion

Aulus Cornelius Celsus, through his encyclopedic work De Medicina, has left a lasting legacy on the field of medicine. His compilation of medical knowledge not only provides a window into the practices and theories of ancient Rome but also contributed to the evolution of medical science by emphasizing observation and experience over speculation.