Cementocyte
A cementocyte is a type of cell found within the cementum, a calcified tissue that covers the roots of teeth. Cementocytes are crucial for the maintenance and repair of cementum, which plays a vital role in anchoring the teeth to the alveolar bone via the periodontal ligament.
Structure[edit | edit source]
Cementocytes are similar in appearance to osteocytes, the cells found in bone. They are embedded within the mineralized matrix of the cementum and reside in small spaces called lacunae. From these lacunae, tiny channels known as canaliculi extend outward, allowing the cementocytes to communicate with each other and with the surface of the cementum.
Development[edit | edit source]
Cementocytes originate from cementoblasts, which are cells responsible for the formation of cementum. During the process of cementogenesis, some cementoblasts become entrapped in the matrix they secrete, differentiating into cementocytes. This process is analogous to the differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes in bone tissue.
Function[edit | edit source]
The primary function of cementocytes is the maintenance of the cementum. They help regulate the mineral content of the cementum and are involved in the repair of this tissue when it is damaged. Cementocytes can also influence the activity of cementoblasts and other cells in the periodontium, contributing to the overall health and stability of the tooth.
Location[edit | edit source]
Cementocytes are found throughout the cementum, but their density and distribution can vary. In general, they are more numerous in the apical region of the root, where the cementum is thicker. The presence of cementocytes is a distinguishing feature of cellular cementum, as opposed to acellular cementum, which lacks these cells.
Clinical Significance[edit | edit source]
Cementocytes play a role in the response of the periodontium to mechanical stress and injury. They are involved in the adaptive remodeling of the cementum, which can occur in response to changes in occlusal forces or periodontal disease. Understanding the biology of cementocytes is important for developing treatments for conditions that affect the cementum and the periodontium, such as periodontitis and tooth resorption.
See also[edit | edit source]
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