Central Kalimantan

Central Kalimantan (Indonesian: Kalimantan Tengah) is a province located on the island of Borneo in Indonesia. It is bordered by the South Kalimantan province to the south, East Kalimantan to the northeast, West Kalimantan to the northwest, and the Java Sea to the south and east. The province's capital and largest city is Palangka Raya.

Geography

Central Kalimantan is the third largest Indonesian province by area. The region is predominantly covered by tropical rainforest, which includes the Tanjung Puting National Park, known for its orangutan conservation. The province also features several rivers, the most significant being the Barito River, which is used for transportation and has been a critical factor in the region's development.

History

The history of Central Kalimantan is marked by its rich cultural heritage, with indigenous Dayak tribes being the predominant ethnic group. These tribes have lived in harmony with the dense rainforest for centuries, practicing traditional agriculture and hunting. The arrival of Hindu and then Islamic traders influenced the region culturally and religiously. During the colonial era, Central Kalimantan was under the control of the Dutch East Indies.

Economy

The economy of Central Kalimantan is primarily based on agriculture, forestry, and mining. The region is rich in natural resources, including coal, gold, and diamonds, which contribute significantly to its economy. Palm oil plantations have also become a major economic activity, although this has raised environmental concerns due to deforestation and habitat destruction.

Demographics

Central Kalimantan is home to a diverse population, with the Dayak tribes constituting a significant portion alongside Malay, Javanese, and Banjarese communities. The province is known for its cultural diversity, with various languages, traditions, and religions coexisting.

Environmental Concerns

Central Kalimantan faces significant environmental challenges, including deforestation, forest fires, and the loss of biodiversity. The expansion of palm oil plantations and illegal logging activities have led to widespread habitat destruction, threatening the survival of indigenous species such as the orangutan. Efforts are being made to address these issues through conservation projects and sustainable development initiatives.

See Also

• Indonesian Borneo
• Deforestation in Indonesia
• Dayak people