Centrofacial lentiginosis

Centrofacial lentiginosis
Synonyms	Touraine syndrome, Touraine's syndrome
Pronounce	N/A
Specialty	N/A
Symptoms	Freckle-like spots on the face, particularly on the nose and cheeks
Complications	Cosmetic concerns
Onset	Childhood
Duration	Lifelong
Types	N/A
Causes	Genetic
Risks	Family history
Diagnosis	Clinical diagnosis
Differential diagnosis	Lentigo simplex, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome
Prevention	N/A
Treatment	Laser therapy, Cryotherapy
Medication	N/A
Prognosis	N/A
Frequency	Rare
Deaths	N/A

A rare genetic skin condition characterized by facial freckling

Classification
External resources

Centrofacial lentiginosis is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple lentigines, or small pigmented spots, primarily located on the central part of the face. This condition is also known as Touraine syndrome and is associated with other systemic abnormalities.

Presentation

Centrofacial lentiginosis is marked by the appearance of numerous lentigines on the nose, cheeks, and forehead. These spots are typically darker than freckles and do not fade with reduced sun exposure. The condition often becomes apparent in childhood and may progress with age.

Associated Features

In addition to the characteristic facial lentigines, individuals with centrofacial lentiginosis may exhibit other clinical features, including:

• Intellectual disability
• Cardiac abnormalities, such as congenital heart defects
• Endocrine disorders, including hypogonadism
• Neurological abnormalities

Genetics

Centrofacial lentiginosis is believed to have a genetic basis, although the exact mode of inheritance is not fully understood. Some cases have been linked to autosomal dominant inheritance patterns, suggesting that a single copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of centrofacial lentiginosis is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the lentigines and associated features. A thorough medical history and physical examination are essential. Genetic testing may be considered to identify potential mutations associated with the condition.

Management

There is no specific treatment for centrofacial lentiginosis. Management focuses on monitoring and addressing associated systemic abnormalities. Dermatological care may include the use of sunscreen to prevent further pigmentation and cosmetic treatments to reduce the appearance of lentigines.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with centrofacial lentiginosis varies depending on the presence and severity of associated systemic abnormalities. Regular follow-up with a multidisciplinary team is recommended to manage potential complications.

Related pages

• Lentigo
• Genetic disorders
• Dermatology