Cerebral ventricle

Cerebral ventricles are a system of interconnected, fluid-filled cavities found in the brain. These cavities are responsible for the production, transport, and removal of cerebrospinal fluid, which provides cushioning for the brain, delivers nutrients, and removes waste.

Anatomy

The cerebral ventricles consist of four cavities: two lateral ventricles, the third ventricle, and the fourth ventricle. The lateral ventricles are the largest and are located in the cerebral hemispheres. They are separated by a thin membrane called the septum pellucidum. The third ventricle is a narrow, funnel-shaped cavity located in the midline of the brain, between the two thalami. The fourth ventricle is located between the pons and the cerebellum.

Function

The primary function of the cerebral ventricles is to produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid is produced by specialized tissue called the choroid plexus, which is located in each of the ventricles. The cerebrospinal fluid circulates through the ventricles and into the subarachnoid space, where it provides a protective cushion for the brain and spinal cord.

Clinical significance

Abnormalities in the size or shape of the cerebral ventricles can be indicative of various neurological conditions. For example, hydrocephalus is a condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles, leading to increased pressure within the skull. This can be caused by a blockage in the ventricular system, overproduction of cerebrospinal fluid, or problems with its absorption.

Ventriculomegaly is a condition where the ventricles are abnormally large, often due to brain atrophy or damage. This can be seen in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease.

See also

• Brain
• Cerebrospinal fluid
• Hydrocephalus
• Ventriculomegaly