Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (CSF rhinorrhea) is a medical condition characterized by the leaking of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through the nose. This condition is usually caused by a fracture or a defect in the skull base or the paranasal sinuses.
Causes[edit | edit source]
CSF rhinorrhea can occur as a result of various causes. The most common cause is a head injury, which can lead to a fracture in the skull base. Other causes include neurosurgery, sinus surgery, tumors in the skull base or sinuses, and congenital defects.
Symptoms[edit | edit source]
The primary symptom of CSF rhinorrhea is a clear, watery discharge from the nose, particularly when the individual leans forward. Other symptoms can include headache, nasal congestion, hearing loss, and a metallic taste in the mouth.
Diagnosis[edit | edit source]
Diagnosis of CSF rhinorrhea involves a detailed medical history and physical examination, as well as specific tests such as CT scan, MRI, and beta-2 transferrin test, which is highly specific for CSF.
Treatment[edit | edit source]
Treatment of CSF rhinorrhea depends on the cause and may include conservative therapy, surgery, or a combination of both. The goal of treatment is to stop the CSF leak and prevent complications such as meningitis.
See also[edit | edit source]
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Contributors: Prab R. Tumpati, MD