Cerium(III) sulfide

Cerium(III) sulfide, also known as cerium sesquisulfide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ce₂S₃. It is a red-brown solid that is insoluble in water and is primarily used in the production of pigments and in various high-temperature applications.

Structure and Properties

Cerium(III) sulfide is composed of cerium ions in the +3 oxidation state and sulfide ions. The compound crystallizes in a structure similar to that of other lanthanide sulfides, with cerium ions coordinated by sulfur atoms. The material is known for its high melting point of approximately 2020 °C, making it suitable for high-temperature applications.

Synthesis

Cerium(III) sulfide can be synthesized through the direct reaction of cerium metal with sulfur at elevated temperatures:

<math>2 \text{Ce} + 3 \text{S} \rightarrow \text{Ce}_2\text{S}_3</math>

Alternatively, it can be prepared by the reduction of cerium(IV) oxide with hydrogen sulfide gas:

<math>2 \text{CeO}_2 + 3 \text{H}_2\text{S} \rightarrow \text{Ce}_2\text{S}_3 + 3 \text{H}_2\text{O}</math>

Applications

Cerium(III) sulfide is used as a pigment due to its stable red color. It is also utilized in high-temperature ceramics and as a component in certain types of electronic devices. Its thermal stability and resistance to oxidation make it valuable in environments where other materials might degrade.

Safety and Handling

As with many chemical compounds, proper safety precautions should be taken when handling cerium(III) sulfide. It should be stored in a cool, dry place and handled with appropriate personal protective equipment to avoid inhalation or contact with skin and eyes.

Also see

• Cerium(IV) oxide
• Lanthanide chemistry
• Sulfide minerals
• Inorganic pigments