Chemical group

Chemical group or functional group is a specific group of atoms or bonds within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction(s) regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of.

Overview

Chemical groups are classified into two main types: main group elements and transition metals. Main group elements include groups 1 and 2 (alkali metals and alkaline earth metals), and groups 13 to 18. Transition metals include groups 3 to 12. Each group has its own unique set of properties and reactivity.

Main Group Elements

The main group elements are those elements found in groups 1, 2, and 13 to 18 of the periodic table. The main group elements include the alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, pnictogens, chalcogens, halogens, and noble gases.

Transition Metals

Transition metals are the elements found in groups 3 to 12 of the periodic table. These elements are characterized by their ability to form stable, colored complexes, and by their usefulness as catalysts.

Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry

In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groupings of atoms within molecules that have their own characteristic properties, regardless of the other atoms present in a molecule. Common examples include alcohols, amines, carboxylic acids, and esters.

Importance of Chemical Groups

Chemical groups are important because they dictate how a chemical compound will react. By understanding the properties of different chemical groups, chemists can predict how unknown compounds might behave and can design new compounds with desired properties.