Lithotroph

Lithotrophs are a diverse group of organisms using inorganic substrate (usually of mineral origin) to obtain reducing equivalents for use in biosynthesis (for example, CO2 fixation) or energy conservation via respiration (i.e., ATP production) or in some cases both. The term "lithotroph" is from Greek lithos (λίθος) meaning "rock" and trōphos (τροφος) meaning "consumer"; literally, it may be read as "rock-eater".

Classification

Lithotrophs belong to the group of microorganisms. They are characterized by their ability to use inorganic compounds as a source of energy. They can be classified into two main groups: chemolithotrophs and photolithotrophs.

Chemolithotrophs

Chemolithotrophs are organisms that use inorganic compounds as a source of energy and convert them into organic compounds. They are found in environments such as soil, sulfur springs, and deep-sea hydrothermal vents.

Photolithotrophs

Photolithotrophs are organisms that use light as a source of energy and inorganic compounds as a source of electrons. They are found in environments such as oceans, lakes, and ponds.

Metabolism

Lithotrophs use inorganic compounds as a source of energy. This process is known as lithotrophy. The inorganic compounds used by lithotrophs include hydrogen sulfide, sulfur, ferrous iron, and ammonia.

Ecological role

Lithotrophs play a crucial role in the ecosystem. They are involved in various biogeochemical cycles, including the carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle, and sulfur cycle. They also contribute to the primary production in many environments.

See also

• Autotroph
• Heterotroph
• Mixotroph

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