Cherub

Tetramorph meteora

Cherubim Bate

Ivory plaque from Megiddo IAA 1938-780

Astarte's throne

Cherub on a Neo-Assyrian seal

Cherub refers to a type of spiritual being mentioned in various religious texts, particularly within the Abrahamic religions. The concept of cherubs has evolved significantly over time, from ancient Near Eastern origins to their depictions in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. This article explores the historical and theological development of cherubs, their representation in art and culture, and their roles within different religious contexts.

Etymology and Origins

The word "cherub" is derived from the Hebrew term keruvim (plural of keruv), which appears in the Hebrew Bible. The etymology of the term is uncertain, but it is thought to have originated in the ancient Near East, possibly from the Akkadian word karābu, meaning "to bless" or "to be near". In early Semitic traditions, cherubs were associated with protection and were often depicted as guardians of sacred spaces.

In Abrahamic Religions

Judaism

In Judaism, cherubs are described in the Hebrew Bible as supernatural beings that serve God. The most notable reference is in the Book of Exodus, where cherubs are depicted on the Ark of the Covenant, symbolizing God's presence and serving as guardians. They are also mentioned in the Book of Ezekiel, where they are part of a complex vision involving a chariot and four living creatures, each with four faces and wings. This depiction highlights their mystical and protective roles within the Jewish tradition.

Christianity

In Christianity, cherubs are considered part of the angelic hierarchy. Early Christian theology, influenced by Jewish texts and Hellenistic thought, often depicts cherubs as beings of pure intellect and guardians of divine secrets. In Christian art, they are typically represented as young, winged children, a stark contrast to their earlier, more formidable descriptions. This transformation reflects the changing perceptions of cherubs from guardians of divine law to symbols of innocence and God's omnipresence.

Islam

Islam also acknowledges the existence of cherubs, known in Arabic as karūbiyyūn. They are mentioned in Islamic tradition as creatures of light, serving God and maintaining the order of the heavens. Unlike their counterparts in Judaism and Christianity, Islamic cherubs are less anthropomorphized and are rarely depicted in Islamic art, adhering to the aniconic tradition of Islam.

Cultural Representations

Over the centuries, cherubs have become a popular motif in Western art and literature, often embodying themes of love, innocence, and divine protection. In Renaissance art, cherubs are frequently depicted as playful, chubby infants with wings, known as "putti". This depiction has permeated popular culture, where cherubs are often associated with Valentine's Day and romantic love.

Conclusion

Cherubs have undergone significant transformations from their origins in ancient Near Eastern mythology to their current representations in religious texts and popular culture. These spiritual beings embody a wide range of attributes, from guardianship and protection to purity and innocence, reflecting the diverse ways in which humans conceptualize the divine.