Cheyletiellosis

Cheyletiellosis, also known as walking dandruff, is a skin condition caused by infestation with Cheyletiella mites. These parasites live on the skin surface of dogs, cats, rabbits, and sometimes humans. The condition is characterized by flaky skin dandruff, which appears to be moving due to the mites' movement beneath it. Cheyletiellosis is of particular concern in veterinary medicine but can also affect humans, leading to dermatological issues.

Causes

Cheyletiellosis is caused by the Cheyletiella species of mites. There are different species of Cheyletiella mites that preferentially infest different host animals: Cheyletiella yasguri for dogs, Cheyletiella blakei for cats, and Cheyletiella parasitovorax for rabbits. These mites are large enough to be seen with the naked eye and have a lifecycle that is entirely host-dependent, meaning they do not survive for long periods in the environment.

Transmission

The condition is highly contagious among animals through direct contact or contact with contaminated objects such as bedding, brushes, and furniture. In humans, cheyletiellosis is considered a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be transmitted from animals to humans. Human cases are less common and typically result from close contact with an infested pet.

Symptoms

In animals, symptoms include excessive dandruff, itching, redness of the skin, and hair loss. The presence of visible white flakes that move gives rise to the nickname "walking dandruff." In humans, cheyletiellosis can cause a self-limiting dermatitis, characterized by itchy red papules, usually on the arms, trunk, and abdomen.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of cheyletiellosis involves the identification of mites or their eggs. This is typically done through skin scrapings or tape preparations examined under a microscope. In some cases, the mites can be directly observed moving on the host's skin.

Treatment

Treatment involves the use of acaricides to eliminate the mites. In pets, this may include topical treatments, shampoos, or systemic medications. Environmental control is also crucial to prevent re-infestation, involving thorough cleaning and vacuuming of the home, washing bedding, and treating all pets in the household. In humans, treatment is usually not necessary, as the condition resolves once the source of infestation is treated.

Prevention

Prevention of cheyletiellosis involves regular grooming and veterinary check-ups for pets, prompt treatment of infested animals, and maintaining a clean environment. Avoiding contact with infested animals and their environments can prevent transmission to humans.