Chondroitin synthase

Chondroitin synthase is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate, a major component of the extracellular matrix in animal tissues. This enzyme catalyzes the transfer of sugar residues in the formation of chondroitin sulfate, a complex polysaccharide that provides structural support and adhesion in connective tissues, cartilage, and skin.

Function

Chondroitin synthase is responsible for the polymerization of chondroitin sulfate, a process that involves the sequential addition of glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine residues. This polymerization process is essential for the formation of long chondroitin sulfate chains, which contribute to the resilience and elasticity of tissues.

Structure

The structure of chondroitin synthase is characterized by a glycosyltransferase domain, which is responsible for the enzyme's catalytic activity. This domain binds to the sugar donor, uridine diphosphate (UDP), and transfers the sugar residue to the growing chondroitin chain.

Clinical significance

Alterations in the activity of chondroitin synthase can lead to various pathological conditions. For instance, reduced activity of this enzyme has been associated with osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage. On the other hand, increased activity of chondroitin synthase has been linked to the progression of certain types of cancer, as chondroitin sulfate is involved in cell adhesion and migration.

See also

• Glycosyltransferase
• Extracellular matrix
• Osteoarthritis