Choroiditis

Choroiditis is an inflammation of the choroid, which is the vascular layer of the eye located between the retina and the sclera. This condition is a type of uveitis, specifically affecting the posterior segment of the eye. Choroiditis can lead to serious complications, including vision loss, if not properly treated.

Causes

Choroiditis is typically caused by an immune-mediated response, but it can also be triggered by infectious agents. Common infectious causes include tuberculosis, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis. Non-infectious causes are often associated with autoimmune disorders such as sarcoidosis and Behçet's disease.

Symptoms

The symptoms of choroiditis can vary depending on the severity and extent of the inflammation. Common symptoms include:

• Blurred vision
• Eye pain
• Redness of the eye
• Photophobia (sensitivity to light)
• Floaters (small spots or lines in the vision)

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of choroiditis involves a comprehensive eye examination by an ophthalmologist. Additional tests may include:

• Fundus photography
• Fluorescein angiography
• Indocyanine green angiography
• Optical coherence tomography

These imaging tests help to visualize the structures of the eye and the extent of inflammation.

Treatment

Treatment of choroiditis depends on the underlying cause. If an infectious agent is identified, appropriate antimicrobial therapy is administered. In cases of autoimmune-related choroiditis, corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive medications may be used to control the inflammation.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with choroiditis varies. Early detection and appropriate treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome. However, some patients may experience recurrent episodes of inflammation and require long-term therapy to manage the condition.

Prevention

Preventive measures for choroiditis are limited, but managing underlying systemic conditions and regular eye examinations can help in early detection and treatment, potentially preventing severe complications.