Chrism

Chrism (also known as Myron) is a consecrated oil used in the Christian tradition for various sacramental rites, especially those of Baptism, Confirmation, and Holy Orders. The word "chrism" itself derives from the Greek khrisma, meaning "an anointing". In the Eastern Orthodox Church, chrism is also used during the sacrament of Chrismation, which is equivalent to Confirmation in the Western tradition.

Composition

Chrism is made of a mixture of olive oil and a fragrant substance, usually balsam, which symbolizes the sweet odor of virtue and the grace of the Holy Spirit that the anointed person is expected to emit. The exact composition of chrism can vary between different Christian denominations. In the Roman Catholic Church, the preparation of chrism is traditionally done by the bishop during the Chrism Mass on Holy Thursday. The oil is then consecrated before being distributed to the parishes of the diocese.

Usage

The primary use of chrism is during the sacraments that incorporate an anointing. In Baptism, chrism is used to anoint the crown of the head of the newly baptized, signifying the indelible seal of the Holy Spirit. During Confirmation, the bishop anoints the forehead of the confirmand with chrism, marking them with the sign of the cross. In the ordination of priests and the consecration of bishops, chrism is used to anoint the hands or head, respectively, symbolizing their dedication to service in the Church.

In addition to these sacraments, chrism is also used in the dedication of churches and altars, where it is used to anoint the walls of the church and the altar, setting them apart for sacred use.

Historical and Theological Significance

The use of anointing oil has its roots in the Old Testament, where it was used to consecrate priests, prophets, and kings. This practice was adopted and adapted by the early Christian community to signify the anointing of the Holy Spirit. Theologically, the anointing with chrism is seen as a sign of the recipient's full incorporation into the body of Christ, marking them with a spiritual seal that signifies the indwelling of the Holy Spirit.

Variations Across Denominations

While the use of chrism is common across many Christian denominations, there are variations in its preparation, consecration, and application. For example, in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, the consecration of chrism is reserved to the head of the church, such as the Patriarch of Constantinople, and it is used in the sacrament of Chrismation, which is administered immediately after Baptism. In contrast, in the Roman Catholic tradition, the bishop consecrates the chrism, and Confirmation is usually administered at a later age.

See Also

• Sacrament
• Holy Spirit
• Anointing
• Baptism
• Confirmation
• Holy Orders
• Chrismation