Morsicatio buccarum

Morsicatio buccarum is a condition characterized by the chronic chewing or biting of the mucosa of the cheeks, leading to the appearance of slightly raised, whitish lesions on the inner lining of the cheeks. This condition is considered a benign habit, but it can lead to discomfort and sometimes complications if not addressed. Morsicatio buccarum falls under the category of parafunctional activities, which are abnormal or altered functions related to the mouth and jaw, including habits such as bruxism (teeth grinding) and nail biting.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of morsicatio buccarum is not well understood, but it is thought to be associated with stress, anxiety, and other psychological factors. Individuals with a habit of chewing on their cheeks when nervous or concentrating may develop this condition. It is also seen in individuals with misaligned teeth or dentures that irritate the cheek mucosa, prompting the individual to bite or chew on the irritated areas as a response.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of morsicatio buccarum is the presence of rough, whitish patches on the inner cheeks, which are often bilateral. These patches may have a shredded or ragged appearance due to the constant biting. While the condition is generally painless, excessive chewing can lead to soreness, ulcers, and in rare cases, secondary infection.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of morsicatio buccarum is primarily clinical, based on the appearance of the lesions and the patient's history of cheek biting. Dentists or oral health specialists can usually diagnose the condition during a routine examination. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions with similar presentations, such as lichen planus or leukoplakia.

Treatment

Treatment for morsicatio buccarum focuses on reducing or eliminating the cheek biting habit. This may involve behavioral strategies, such as stress management and mindfulness, to help the individual become aware of and stop the behavior. In cases where dental issues are contributing to the habit, corrective dental treatments or the adjustment of dentures may be necessary. In some instances, the use of mouthguards, especially during sleep, may be recommended to protect the cheek mucosa from damage.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with morsicatio buccarum is generally good, especially if the underlying cause or habit can be addressed. The lesions typically heal once the cheek biting stops, though in some cases, the habit may be difficult to break, and the condition can persist or recur.

Prevention

Preventing morsicatio buccarum involves addressing any dental issues that may contribute to the habit and implementing stress-reduction techniques. Regular dental check-ups can help identify and treat misalignments or other oral health issues that may prompt cheek biting.