Otitis externa

Otitis externa, also known as swimmer's ear, is an inflammation of the outer ear and ear canal. Along with otitis media, external otitis is one of the two human conditions commonly called "earache". It also occurs in many other species. Inflammation of the skin of the ear canal is the essence of this disorder. The inflammation can be secondary to dermatitis (eczema) only, with no microbial infection, or it can be caused by active bacterial or fungal infection. In either case, but more often with infection, the ear canal skin swells and may become painful or tender to touch.

Causes[edit | edit source]

Otitis externa can have several possible causes, including:

Infection caused by bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus.
Fungal infections, particularly in people who swim in water containing high levels of bacteria.
Mechanical damage to the ear canal, such as from cleaning with cotton swabs.
Allergic reactions to substances such as hair products or jewelry.

Symptoms[edit | edit source]

Symptoms of otitis externa can include:

Pain in the ear (otalgia)
Fullness of the ear
Itchy ear
Redness and swelling of the skin of the ear
Scaling or shedding of the skin of the ear
Discharge from the ear, which can be clear, white, yellow, or greenish

Treatment[edit | edit source]

Treatment for otitis externa depends on the severity of the infection and the cause. Treatments may include:

Pain control
Removal of debris from the ear
Use of topical antibiotics or antifungals
Use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
Avoidance of contributing factors such as water exposure or certain medications

References[edit | edit source]

Otitis externa Resources
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