Chroogomphus rutilus

Chroogomphus rutilus Bryonia orig

Chroogomphus rutilus is a species of mushroom belonging to the family Gomphidiaceae. It is commonly known as the Copper Spike due to its distinctive coppery or rusty orange color. This mushroom is found in coniferous forests, often in association with pine trees, across various parts of Europe and North America. The symbiotic relationship it shares with these trees is mycorrhizal, meaning that it forms a mutually beneficial association with the roots of the trees, aiding in nutrient exchange.

Description

Chroogomphus rutilus mushrooms have a distinctive appearance that makes them relatively easy to identify. They possess a cap that ranges from 3 to 8 cm in diameter, which matures from a convex shape with a slight peak to a more flattened form. The cap's surface is smooth and slimy, displaying a rich, coppery orange hue. The gills are decurrent, running down the stem, and change color from yellowish when young to a dark rusty brown as the spores mature. The stem of the mushroom is solid, cylindrical, and bears the same coloration as the cap but may lighten towards the base.

The spore print of Chroogomphus rutilus is a distinctive dark rusty brown, a key feature in its identification. Its spores are elongated and ornamented, contributing to its classification within the Gomphidiaceae family.

Habitat and Distribution

Chroogomphus rutilus is predominantly found in coniferous forests, especially those dominated by pine trees. It forms mycorrhizal relationships with these trees, facilitating the exchange of nutrients between the fungus and the roots of the trees. This species is widely distributed across Europe and has been found in various parts of North America. It fruits from late summer to late autumn, depending on the local climate and conditions.

Edibility

While Chroogomphus rutilus is not considered toxic, its edibility is often described as poor due to its slimy texture and the lack of a distinctive flavor. It is not commonly collected for culinary use, though some foragers may include it in mixed wild mushroom dishes after thorough cooking to reduce its sliminess.

Similar Species

Chroogomphus rutilus can be confused with other members of the Gomphidiaceae family or with some Boletus species due to similarities in color and habitat. However, its distinctive spore print, decurrent gills, and association with pine trees help differentiate it from these other species.

Conservation

There are no known significant threats to Chroogomphus rutilus, and it is not listed as endangered or vulnerable. However, like many fungi, its presence is dependent on the health of its habitat, particularly the coniferous forests it inhabits and the pine trees it forms associations with. Conservation of these ecosystems is essential for the continued survival of this species.