Cicuta maculata

Cicuta maculata

Cicuta maculata, commonly known as spotted water hemlock

Cicuta maculata, commonly known as spotted water hemlock, is a highly toxic plant native to North America. It belongs to the family Apiaceae, which also includes other well-known plants such as carrots and parsley. Despite its attractive appearance, Cicuta maculata is considered one of the most poisonous plants in North America.

Description

Cicuta maculata is a perennial herb that can grow up to 2.5 meters tall. It has a hollow stem that is often purplish or spotted, which is a distinguishing feature of the plant. The leaves are compound and pinnate, with each leaflet being lance-shaped and serrated along the edges.

The plant produces small white flowers that are arranged in an umbel, a characteristic inflorescence of the Apiaceae family. The flowers bloom in mid to late summer, and the plant typically grows in wet habitats such as marshes, stream banks, and wet meadows.

Toxicity

Close-up of the flowers of Cicuta maculata

Cicuta maculata contains a potent toxin called cicutoxin, which is concentrated in the roots of the plant. Cicutoxin is a central nervous system stimulant that can cause seizures, respiratory failure, and death if ingested. The roots of the plant are particularly dangerous because they can be mistaken for edible tubers.

Symptoms of cicutoxin poisoning include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, tremors, and convulsions. There is no specific antidote for cicutoxin poisoning, and treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and preventing complications.

Habitat and Distribution

Cicuta maculata is commonly found in wetland areas across North America, from Canada to the southern United States. It thrives in moist environments and is often found along the edges of streams, ponds, and marshes.

Prevention and Control

Due to its high toxicity, it is important to control the spread of Cicuta maculata in areas where humans and livestock may come into contact with it. This can be achieved through regular monitoring of wetland areas and the removal of the plant when it is found. Educating the public about the dangers of the plant and how to identify it is also crucial in preventing accidental poisonings.

Related pages

• Apiaceae
• Poisonous plants
• Cicutoxin