Cicutoxin

Cicutoxin.svg

Cicutoxin is a highly toxic organic compound found in various species of the Apiaceae family, most notably in the water hemlock (Cicuta) plants. It is a potent neurotoxin that affects the central nervous system, leading to severe convulsions and potentially death if ingested.

Chemical Structure and Properties

Cicutoxin is a polyacetylene compound with the chemical formula C17H22O2. It is characterized by its long carbon chain with multiple double bonds and a terminal hydroxyl group. The compound is highly lipophilic, allowing it to easily cross cell membranes and the blood-brain barrier.

Mechanism of Action

Cicutoxin exerts its toxic effects by acting as a non-competitive gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist. By inhibiting GABAergic neurotransmission, it disrupts the normal inhibitory control of neuronal activity, leading to uncontrolled neuronal firing and seizures.

Symptoms of Poisoning

Ingestion of cicutoxin can lead to a rapid onset of symptoms, typically within 15 to 60 minutes. Common symptoms include:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Tremors
• Seizures
• Respiratory failure

Treatment

There is no specific antidote for cicutoxin poisoning. Treatment is primarily supportive and symptomatic, focusing on:

• Maintaining airway, breathing, and circulation (the ABCs of emergency care)
• Administering benzodiazepines or other anticonvulsants to control seizures
• Providing intravenous fluids to manage dehydration and electrolyte imbalances

Prevention

Preventing cicutoxin poisoning involves educating the public about the dangers of water hemlock and other toxic plants. Proper identification and removal of these plants from areas where children and pets play can reduce the risk of accidental ingestion.

See Also

• Neurotoxin
• GABA receptor
• Seizure
• Apiaceae
• Water hemlock