Ciders

Cider

Cider is an alcoholic beverage made from the fermented juice of apples. It is a popular drink in many parts of the world, particularly in Europe and North America. Cider can vary in alcohol content, sweetness, and flavor, depending on the type of apples used and the fermentation process.

History

The history of cider dates back to ancient times. The first recorded references to cider-like beverages come from the Roman era, where apple cultivation and fermentation were practiced. Cider became particularly popular in England and France during the Middle Ages, where it was consumed by all social classes.

Production Process

The production of cider involves several key steps:

Apple Selection

The choice of apples is crucial in cider making. Cider apples are typically classified into four categories: sweet, bittersweet, sharp, and bittersharp. Each type contributes different flavors and tannins to the final product.

Crushing and Pressing

Once the apples are selected, they are crushed to extract the juice. This process can be done using traditional methods, such as a cider press, or modern machinery.

Fermentation

The extracted juice is then fermented. Yeast is added to convert the sugars in the juice into alcohol. The fermentation process can take several weeks to months, depending on the desired characteristics of the cider.

Maturation

After fermentation, the cider is often matured to develop its flavors. This can be done in stainless steel tanks, wooden barrels, or bottles.

Bottling

Finally, the cider is filtered and bottled. Some ciders undergo a secondary fermentation in the bottle, which can create natural carbonation.

Types of Cider

Cider can be classified into several types based on sweetness, carbonation, and flavor profile:

• Dry Cider: Contains little to no residual sugar, resulting in a less sweet taste.
• Sweet Cider: Has a higher sugar content, making it sweeter.
• Sparkling Cider: Carbonated, either naturally or artificially, giving it a fizzy texture.
• Still Cider: Non-carbonated, with a flat texture.
• Flavored Cider: Infused with additional flavors such as berries, spices, or other fruits.

Regional Varieties

Cider production and consumption vary widely across different regions:

• United Kingdom: Known for its traditional dry ciders, often made from bittersweet apple varieties.
• France: Particularly in Normandy and Brittany, where cider is often sweeter and less alcoholic.
• United States: Offers a wide range of styles, from traditional to innovative craft ciders.
• Spain: Especially in Asturias and Basque Country, where cider is often poured from a height to aerate it.

Health and Nutrition

Cider contains antioxidants and vitamins from apples, but it is also an alcoholic beverage and should be consumed in moderation. The calorie content can vary depending on the sugar and alcohol levels.

See Also

• Apple
• Fermentation
• Alcoholic beverage

References

• American Cider Association
• Campaign for Real Ale

External Links

• Wikipedia: Cider