Circumvallate papilla

Circumvallate papillae are one of the four types of lingual papillae present on the surface of the tongue. They are larger and fewer in number compared to other types of papillae. Circumvallate papillae are dome-shaped structures located on the dorsal surface of the tongue, arranged in a V-shape that points towards the throat.

Anatomy

Circumvallate papillae are round, raised structures that are surrounded by a trench (or moat). This trench is filled with saliva from the von Ebner's glands, which are serous glands located in the submucosa beneath the papillae. Each circumvallate papilla is associated with one or more of these glands.

Function

The primary function of circumvallate papillae is to aid in the sensation of taste. They contain taste buds that are sensitive to the five basic tastes: sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and umami. The taste buds are located in the walls of the papillae, specifically in the sides of the trench. The saliva from von Ebner's glands helps to keep the taste buds moist and to flush away food particles.

Clinical significance

Changes in the appearance or number of circumvallate papillae can be a sign of certain medical conditions. For example, an increase in the number of papillae can occur in glossitis, an inflammation of the tongue. Conversely, a decrease in the number of papillae can occur in conditions such as nutritional deficiencies or oral cancer.

See also

• Fungiform papillae
• Filiform papillae
• Foliate papillae
• Taste bud
• Tongue