Cistus

Cistus monspeliensis-Leaves-Clapiers~2008 01 26

Cistus albidus(estepa blanca)

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Cistus May 2014-11

Cistus creticus RF

Cistus heterophyllus

Cistus is a genus of flowering plants in the rockrose family Cistaceae, containing about 20 to 40 species (the exact number is still under debate). Native to the Mediterranean region, these plants are well-adapted to dry, rocky habitats and are known for their beautiful, showy flowers and resinous leaves. Cistus species are used in traditional medicine, landscaping, and as a source of labdanum, a resin used in perfumes and medicines.

Description

Cistus plants are evergreen shrubs that typically reach 1 to 2 meters in height. Their leaves are opposite, simple, and often covered with a sticky resin. The flowers have five petals, which are usually white or pink, and are known for their delicate beauty and brief lifespan, often lasting only a single day. The fruit is a capsule containing numerous small seeds.

Habitat and Distribution

Cistus species are predominantly found in the Mediterranean region, thriving in Mediterranean climates with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. They are adaptable to poor soil conditions and are often one of the first species to colonize disturbed or fire-ravaged areas, playing a crucial role in the ecosystem as pioneer plants.

Uses

Traditional Medicine

In traditional medicine, various parts of Cistus plants have been used for their antiseptic, astringent, and anti-inflammatory properties. They have been employed in the treatment of skin conditions, respiratory issues, and gastrointestinal disorders.

Landscaping

Due to their drought resistance and ornamental value, Cistus species are popular in xeriscaping and Mediterranean gardens. Their ability to thrive in poor soils and their showy flowers make them a favored choice for low-maintenance landscapes.

Perfumery and Industry

The resin produced by the leaves of certain Cistus species, known as labdanum, is valued in the perfume industry for its ambergris-like fragrance. Historically, labdanum was collected from the fur of goats and sheep that grazed among the Cistus shrubs. Today, it is more commonly harvested directly from the plants using mechanical methods.

Conservation

While many Cistus species are common and not considered at risk, habitat destruction and overharvesting for labdanum production pose threats to certain populations. Conservation efforts are focused on habitat preservation and sustainable harvesting practices to ensure the survival of these species in the wild.

Selected Species

• Cistus albidus – Grey-leaved cistus
• Cistus creticus – Pink rockrose
• Cistus incanus – Hoary rockrose
• Cistus ladanifer – Common gum cistus
• Cistus monspeliensis – Montpellier cistus

See Also

• Mediterranean Basin
• Xeriscaping
• Traditional medicine