Clavus (medicine)

Clavus (or corn) is a condition of the skin that is characterized by the development of a hard, thickened patch of skin that is typically formed due to pressure or friction over time. Clavi (plural for clavus) are most commonly found on the feet, particularly on the toes, but can also occur on the hands and other areas of the body that are subject to friction. The condition is a common, yet often painful, occurrence that can affect individuals of all ages.

Causes and Risk Factors

The primary cause of clavus formation is repeated pressure or friction on the skin. This can be due to ill-fitting shoes, abnormal walking patterns, or other conditions that increase pressure on specific areas of the feet or hands. Individuals with foot deformities, such as hammer toe or bunions, are at a higher risk of developing clavi due to the uneven distribution of pressure on their feet. Additionally, people who spend a lot of time standing or walking are more susceptible to this condition.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of a clavus is a hard, thickened patch of skin that may be flaky or dry. Clavi are often painful, especially when pressure is applied directly to them. They can also make walking or wearing shoes uncomfortable. In some cases, clavi can become inflamed or infected, leading to more severe pain and discomfort.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of clavus typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider. The appearance of the skin and the location of the thickened patch are usually sufficient to diagnose the condition. In some cases, imaging tests such as X-rays may be used to rule out other conditions, such as bone abnormalities, that could be contributing to the pressure and friction causing the clavus.

Treatment

Treatment for clavus often involves relieving the pressure or friction causing the condition. This may include wearing properly fitting shoes, using protective pads or cushions, or adjusting activities to reduce stress on the affected area. In some cases, trimming the thickened skin or using medicated creams may be recommended to soften the clavus and alleviate pain. For persistent or severe cases, surgical removal of the clavus may be necessary.

Prevention

Preventing clavus formation primarily involves minimizing pressure and friction on susceptible areas of the skin. Wearing comfortable, well-fitting shoes and using protective pads or insoles can help reduce the risk of clavi. Regularly inspecting the feet and hands for signs of pressure or friction and making adjustments as needed can also be effective in preventing clavus development.