Cloche (agriculture)

Organic garden cloches at Beningborough Hall - geograph.org.uk - 788128

Cloche (from the French word for "bell") is a term used in agriculture to describe a covering designed to protect plants from cold temperatures and frost, thereby extending the growing season. Cloches are a type of horticultural fleece or cold frame, traditionally made from glass but now also commonly constructed from plastic or other transparent materials. They function by creating a microclimate that retains heat and moisture, which can be crucial for the germination and growth of plants, especially in regions with unpredictable weather.

History

The use of cloches in gardening dates back to the early 19th century in France, where they were originally bell-shaped glass jars placed over individual plants. This method was labor-intensive but effective in protecting delicate plants from the cold. Over time, the design and materials of cloches have evolved, with larger, tunnel-like structures now common, allowing for the protection of rows of plants rather than individual specimens.

Types of Cloches

There are several types of cloches, each suited to different gardening needs:

• Glass Cloches: Traditional bell-shaped cloches that are heavy and durable but can be expensive and fragile.
• Plastic Cloches: Lightweight and more affordable than glass, plastic cloches can be easily moved and stored but may not last as long.
• Tunnel Cloches: Made from a plastic or polythene sheet stretched over a series of hoops, tunnel cloches cover entire rows of plants and can be ventilated by lifting the sides.
• Floating Row Covers: A lightweight fabric that lays directly on the plants, offering protection without the need for a supporting structure.

Benefits

Cloches offer several benefits to gardeners and farmers:

• Frost Protection: They protect plants from frost and cold weather, extending the growing season.
• Pest Control: Cloches can act as a barrier against pests, reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
• Moisture Retention: By trapping moisture, cloches can reduce the need for frequent watering.
• Climate Control: They create a microclimate that can be manipulated by adjusting ventilation to optimize growing conditions.

Usage

To use a cloche effectively, it is important to monitor the internal environment, as temperatures can rise quickly on sunny days, potentially harming the plants. Ventilation is key to preventing overheating and ensuring that plants receive adequate air circulation. Additionally, cloches should be removed once the risk of frost has passed or when plants outgrow them.

Considerations

When choosing and using cloches, gardeners should consider the following:

• Size and Shape: Select a cloche that fits the plants' needs, considering both the size of the plant and the space required for growth.
• Material: The choice between glass and plastic depends on budget, durability, and storage capabilities.
• Ventilation: Ensure that the cloche can be easily ventilated to control temperature and humidity.

Conclusion

Cloches are a valuable tool for gardeners looking to protect their plants from the cold, extend the growing season, and improve plant health. By selecting the appropriate type and managing the microclimate, gardeners can successfully cultivate a wider variety of plants, even in challenging conditions.