Clometacin

Clometacin

Clometacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is used primarily for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is a derivative of indomethacin, which is a well-known NSAID. Clometacin is used in the treatment of various conditions that involve pain and inflammation, such as arthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders.

Pharmacology

Clometacin works by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), which is responsible for the formation of prostaglandins. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that have several important roles in the body, including the mediation of inflammation and pain. By reducing the production of prostaglandins, clometacin helps to alleviate symptoms of pain and inflammation.

Mechanism of Action

Clometacin, like other NSAIDs, inhibits both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. COX-1 is involved in the protection of the stomach lining and the regulation of blood platelets, while COX-2 is more directly involved in the inflammatory response. The inhibition of these enzymes leads to decreased synthesis of prostaglandins, thereby reducing inflammation and pain.

Pharmacokinetics

Clometacin is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is metabolized in the liver. It is excreted primarily in the urine. The drug has a half-life that allows for dosing multiple times a day, depending on the formulation and the condition being treated.

Clinical Uses

Clometacin is used in the management of various conditions, including:

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Acute gouty arthritis
• Painful shoulder (bursitis and/or tendinitis)

Side Effects

As with other NSAIDs, clometacin can cause a range of side effects. Common side effects include:

• Gastrointestinal discomfort
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Headache

More serious side effects can include:

• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Ulceration
• Renal impairment
• Cardiovascular events

Contraindications

Clometacin should not be used in individuals with:

• Known hypersensitivity to clometacin or other NSAIDs
• Active gastrointestinal bleeding or ulceration
• Severe renal or hepatic impairment
• History of asthma attacks or allergic reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs

Interactions

Clometacin can interact with other medications, including:

• Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin)
• Other NSAIDs
• Corticosteroids
• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Also see

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Indomethacin
• Cyclooxygenase
• Prostaglandin

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