Coeliac axis

Coeliac Axis

The Coeliac Axis, also known as the Celiac Trunk or Celiac Artery, is a major artery that supplies blood to the abdomen, specifically the stomach, spleen, liver, esophagus, and parts of the pancreas and duodenum. It is a critical component of the circulatory system, originating from the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm.

Anatomy

The Coeliac Axis is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta, emerging from the aorta just below the diaphragm at the level of the twelfth thoracic vertebra (T12). It is a short but wide artery, typically dividing into three major branches shortly after its origin:

• The Left Gastric Artery, which supplies blood to the stomach.
• The Splenic Artery, which branches off to supply blood to the spleen, parts of the stomach, and the pancreas.
• The Common Hepatic Artery, which further divides into arteries that supply the liver, gallbladder, and portions of the stomach and duodenum.

Function

The primary function of the Coeliac Axis is to provide oxygenated blood and nutrients to the upper abdominal organs. It plays a vital role in the digestive system by ensuring that the liver, spleen, stomach, and other organs receive the necessary blood supply to function properly.

Clinical Significance

Conditions affecting the Coeliac Axis can lead to significant clinical symptoms and complications due to the critical organs it supplies. These conditions may include:

• Coeliac Artery Compression Syndrome, where the artery is compressed, leading to reduced blood flow and abdominal pain.
• Atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in the artery, potentially leading to blockages and ischemia.
• Aneurysms, which are bulges in the artery that can rupture, causing internal bleeding.

Diagnosis of conditions affecting the Coeliac Axis typically involves imaging studies such as CT scans, MRI, or Ultrasound.

Treatment

Treatment for conditions affecting the Coeliac Axis depends on the specific diagnosis but may include lifestyle changes, medication to manage symptoms or prevent progression of disease, and in some cases, surgical intervention to repair or bypass blockages or aneurysms.

See Also

• Abdominal Aorta
• Circulatory System
• Digestive System