Coffea benghalensis

Coffea benghalensis P1140577 02

Coffea benghalensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to certain regions of Asia. It is one of the lesser-known species within the genus Coffea, which also includes the more widely known and cultivated Coffea arabica (Arabica coffee) and Coffea canephora (Robusta coffee). Unlike its more famous cousins, Coffea benghalensis has not been widely cultivated on a commercial scale for coffee production, but it holds potential for the coffee industry and biodiversity conservation.

Description

Coffea benghalensis is a small to medium-sized shrub or tree that can reach heights of up to 5-10 meters under optimal conditions. It has glossy, dark green leaves that are elliptical to oblong in shape. The plant produces small, white flowers that are fragrant and attractive to pollinators. Following flowering, it bears red or purple fruits, commonly referred to as cherries, which contain seeds known as coffee beans.

Distribution and Habitat

Coffea benghalensis is indigenous to the Bengal region and possibly other parts of Asia, although its exact native range is not well-documented. It prefers tropical climates with ample rainfall and well-drained soil. It is found in forested areas, often in the understory where it receives filtered sunlight.

Cultivation and Uses

While not widely cultivated for commercial coffee production, Coffea benghalensis has been grown in botanical gardens and by coffee enthusiasts interested in its conservation and unique characteristics. The beans of Coffea benghalensis are reported to produce a coffee with distinct flavor profiles, although detailed studies on its organoleptic properties are limited.

Conservation efforts for Coffea benghalensis are important, as it represents genetic diversity within the genus Coffea that could be crucial for the future of coffee agriculture. Climate change, disease, and habitat loss pose threats to coffee species worldwide, making the conservation of lesser-known species like Coffea benghalensis vital.

Research and Conservation

Research on Coffea benghalensis has been limited but is increasing as the importance of conserving genetic diversity within the Coffea genus is recognized. Conservation programs may focus on in-situ conservation (protecting plants within their natural habitat) and ex-situ conservation (such as seed banking and cultivation in botanical gardens).

See Also

• Coffea arabica
• Coffea canephora
• Coffee production
• Conservation of coffee species