Collagen type iv

Collagen type IV is a type of collagen found primarily in the basement membrane, a thin layer of extracellular matrix that provides support and separation between tissues. It is one of the 28 types of collagen that have been identified in humans.

Structure

Collagen type IV is a complex molecule composed of three alpha chains, each of which is a long, flexible protein strand. These chains are twisted together to form a triple helix, a structure that is characteristic of all collagens. The chains are designated as alpha 1(IV), alpha 2(IV), alpha 3(IV), alpha 4(IV), alpha 5(IV), and alpha 6(IV). The most common form of collagen IV is a heterotrimer composed of two alpha 1(IV) chains and one alpha 2(IV) chain.

Function

The primary function of collagen type IV is to provide structural support to the basement membrane. It forms a network that helps to hold the other components of the basement membrane in place. In addition to its structural role, collagen IV also interacts with cells and other matrix molecules to influence cell behavior, including cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and survival.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the genes that encode the alpha chains of collagen type IV can lead to several genetic disorders. These include Alport syndrome, an inherited kidney disease, and thin basement membrane nephropathy, a condition that can cause blood in the urine. In addition, changes in the expression or function of collagen IV have been implicated in the development and progression of various types of cancer.

See also

• Collagen
• Basement membrane
• Alport syndrome
• Thin basement membrane nephropathy