Colon polyp

Colon Polyp

A colon polyp is a small clump of cells that forms on the lining of the colon. Most colon polyps are harmless. However, over time, some colon polyps can develop into colon cancer, which is often fatal when found in its later stages.

Types of Colon Polyps

There are two main categories of polyps, non-neoplastic and neoplastic. Non-neoplastic polyps include hyperplastic polyps, inflammatory polyps and hamartomatous polyps. They are typically benign and do not increase the risk of colon cancer. Neoplastic polyps include adenomas and serrated types. They can increase the risk of colon cancer if not removed during colonoscopy.

Causes

The exact causes of colon polyps are unknown, but they are associated with certain genetic syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis and lynch syndrome. Lifestyle factors such as diet, smoking, lack of physical activity, and obesity may also contribute to their development.

Symptoms

Most colon polyps do not cause symptoms. They are usually found during routine screening tests for colon cancer. When symptoms do occur, they may include rectal bleeding, change in stool color or consistency, change in bowel habits, abdominal pain, and anemia due to blood loss.

Diagnosis

Colon polyps are usually discovered during a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. Other tests such as stool test and ct colonography may also be used if colonoscopy is not possible.

Treatment

The primary treatment for colon polyps is polypectomy, removal of the polyp during a colonoscopy. If the polyp is too large to be removed during a colonoscopy, surgery may be required.

Prevention

Prevention strategies for colon polyps include regular screening, maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol.

See Also

• Colon (anatomy)
• Colonoscopy
• Colorectal cancer
• Polypectomy