Colonial Revival architecture

Auburn City Hall Auburn

Colonial Revival architecture is a nationalistic design movement in the United States and Canada, part of a broader Colonial Revival Movement seeking to revive elements of architectural style, garden design, and interior design from American colonial architecture. The movement, which began in the late 19th century and gained prominence in the early 20th century, reflects a desire to return to the perceived simplicity and classicism of the architecture of the American colonial period, roughly from 1607 to 1787.

Origins and Development

The Colonial Revival movement emerged in the late 19th century, partly as a reaction against the ornate styles of the Victorian era. Architects and the public alike sought inspiration in the early American colonial past, which was seen as a purer, more straightforward era. The Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876 played a significant role in popularizing the style, showcasing many examples of colonial architecture. By the early 20th century, the style had become the most popular architectural choice for homes, public buildings, and small commercial projects across the United States.

Characteristics

Colonial Revival architecture is characterized by its blend of traditional colonial and neoclassical elements. Common features include:

• Symmetrical facades
• Brick or wood siding
• Gabled or hipped roofs
• Dormers
• Pillars and columns
• Multi-pane, double-hung windows with shutters
• Porticos and entry porches
• Central hall floor plan

Despite its name, the Colonial Revival style is not a direct copy of colonial architecture but rather an interpretation that incorporates modern needs and sensibilities. For instance, while colonial homes were often built with materials on hand, Colonial Revival homes might use a wider range of materials, and feature modern amenities.

Significant Examples

Prominent examples of Colonial Revival architecture include the Virginia State Capitol (restoration led by Thomas Jefferson), the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan, and numerous residential neighborhoods throughout the United States. These examples showcase the adaptability and enduring popularity of the style for both public buildings and private residences.

Preservation and Legacy

The Colonial Revival movement has played a significant role in American architectural history, influencing the design of countless homes and buildings. It also contributed to the establishment of historic preservation movements in the United States, as interest in Colonial Revival architecture often went hand in hand with efforts to preserve original colonial-era buildings. Today, the style remains popular for its elegance, simplicity, and connection to American history.