Canada

File:"O Canada", performed by the United States Third Marine Aircraft Wing Band.oga File:Royal anthem Canada.ogg

Indigenous population by census division

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Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America. It is the second-largest country in the world by total area, covering approximately 9.98 million square kilometers. Canada is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and the Arctic Ocean to the north. It shares the world's longest bi-national land border with the United States to the south and to the northwest.

Geography

Canada's landscape is vast and diverse, ranging from the Arctic tundra of the north to the great forests and lakes of the central regions, and the Rocky Mountains to the west. The country is divided into ten provinces and three territories, each with its own unique geographical features and attractions. Major cities include Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and the capital city of Ottawa.

History

The history of Canada is a complex tapestry of indigenous cultures, European exploration, and colonization. Prior to the arrival of Europeans in the late 15th century, the land was inhabited by various First Nations and Inuit peoples. The French and British established the first permanent settlements in the early 17th century, leading to centuries of rivalry for control of the territory. Canada emerged as a federated nation on July 1, 1867, through the Constitution Act, 1867, originally known as the British North America Act.

Government and Politics

Canada is a constitutional monarchy and a federal parliamentary democracy. The monarch of Canada serves as the head of state, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The country's Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the Senate. Canada's political system is characterized by a division of powers between the federal government and the provinces and territories.

Economy

The Canadian economy is one of the largest in the world, driven by abundant natural resources, a highly developed service sector, and a robust manufacturing base. Canada is a leading exporter of commodities such as petroleum, natural gas, minerals, and forestry products. The country also has a significant automotive and aerospace industry. In recent years, technology and innovation have played an increasingly important role in economic development.

Culture

Canada's culture is a reflection of its diverse population, which includes people of British, French, Indigenous, and immigrant origins. This diversity is celebrated through various cultural festivals, culinary traditions, and artistic expressions. Canada is known for its commitment to multiculturalism and has two official languages, English and French. The country has made significant contributions to literature, music, film, and sports.

Environmental Initiatives

Canada is committed to environmental conservation and is actively involved in addressing global climate change. The country has implemented various policies and initiatives aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, protecting wildlife and natural habitats, and promoting sustainable development practices.